September 11 is not a federal holiday in the United States. It is officially designated as a national day of observance, recognized under the names Patriot Day and National Day of Service and Remembrance. As a day of observance, non-essential federal government offices, schools, and most businesses do not close.
The distinction between a federal holiday and a day of observance is significant. Federal holidays are established by law (5 U.S.C. 6103) and typically result in paid days off for federal employees and the closure of federal institutions, banks, and post offices. In contrast, a day of observance is designated to encourage national reflection and specific activities without mandating widespread closures. By a joint resolution approved on December 18, 2001, Congress designated September 11 of each year as "Patriot Day." In 2009, the day was also recognized as a National Day of Service and Remembrance, promoting volunteerism and charitable activities as a tribute to the victims, survivors, and first responders of the 2001 attacks.
The designation of September 11 as a day of observance reflects a national intent to foster solemn commemoration and active service rather than leisure. The day is marked by specific protocols, including a presidential proclamation calling on all U.S. government buildings to fly the flag at half-staff. Communities across the country hold moments of silence, memorial services, and remembrance ceremonies, focusing on reflection and honoring those who were lost. The emphasis remains on remembrance and tribute, distinguishing it from the celebratory or restful nature of official federal holidays.
