The term qunut () is a noun in the Arabic language. Its root verb, qanata, means "to be obedient," "to be devout," or "to stand." In Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), it refers to a specific type of supplication (du'a) that is recited while standing during prayer (salah). The term primarily functions as a noun, denoting this particular act of supplication.
There are two primary types of this supplication recognized in Islamic tradition. The first is Qunut al-Witr, which is recited during the Witr prayer, the final prayer of the night. The juristic ruling on its practice and its specific placement within the prayer (either before or after bowing, known as ruku') varies among the different schools of Islamic law (madhahib). For instance, it is considered a recommended (sunnah) practice in the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, and a necessary (wajib) act in the Hanafi school. The second type is Qunut al-Nazilah, which is a supplication made during times of collective calamity, such as famine, plague, or war. This can be recited in any of the five daily obligatory prayers, typically after rising from the final ruku', as a plea for divine intervention and relief.
The practical application and content of the supplication underscore its function as an act of humble devotion and reliance on God. The wording often includes praise for God, a request for guidance, forgiveness, and protection from evil. In the context of Qunut al-Nazilah, the supplication is specifically tailored to the hardship being faced by the community. Ultimately, the practice serves as a direct communication with God, particularly during moments of vulnerability, reinforcing the worshipper's dependence on and submission to the divine will.
